Civil¶
Structural and building¶
Rules found in this domain: P56.
Illustrative, not evidence.
Scenario. A design team finishes the structural calculations for a four-storey office building. The engineer who drew up the calculations does not sign them off. A second engineer from the same firm reviews them. The foundation sits next to a rail line, so the owner also hires an outside firm to check that part.
- P56: The checker is never the author. The review gets more independent as the consequence of failure grows: a peer for the frame, an external organization for the foundation beside the rail line.
Geotechnical¶
Rules found in this domain: P68.
Illustrative, not evidence.
Scenario. A road embankment is built on soft clay. The ground cannot be measured fully before construction, so the team designs for the most probable soil conditions. Settlement gauges and pore-pressure sensors record the real values as the fill goes up. The plan sets a trigger level for the settlement rate and names the backup action in advance: add a stabilizing berm.
- P68: The key property can only be measured during construction. The design uses the most probable conditions, the real values are monitored, and each monitored value has a trigger level and a planned backup action.
Coastal and hydraulic¶
Rules found in this domain: P44.
Illustrative, not evidence.
Scenario. A harbour authority designs a sea wall. It states the design event as a probability per time period: the storm with a 1-in-100-year return period. It then sets the crest height above the wave run-up that storm produces, with a freeboard allowance. The design is at an early stage with poor wave data, so the allowance is large. The team plans to reduce it once a wave buoy has recorded a full year of storms.
- P44: The design load is stated as a probability per time period, and capacity sits above it with a margin. The margin follows design maturity: large now, while the wave data is poor, and smaller once the buoy records cut the uncertainty.
Offshore and decommissioning¶
Rules found in this domain: P24, P10.
Illustrative, not evidence.
Scenario. A design team prepares a fixed offshore platform. The design document has a maintenance section and a decommissioning section, written before the first steel is cut. It covers how the jacket will be cut up and removed at end of life. The team records why it chose a piecemeal removal and which alternatives it rejected, such as removal in one lift.
Construction management¶
Rules found in this domain: P67, P65.
Illustrative, not evidence.
Scenario. A contractor plans a bridge deck. The plan lists the tasks and their dependencies and marks the longest chain: foundations, piers, girders, deck pour. Other tasks, such as the parapets, show their slack. The deck pour is a risky step, so the plan makes the rebar inspection a hold point. The pour does not start until the inspector approves.
Transportation¶
Rules found in this domain: P49, P39.
Illustrative, not evidence.
Scenario. A city widens a congested arterial road. The business case includes a forecast of how much extra traffic the new lanes will attract, and it adds a demand control: a congestion charge on the corridor. Separately, at one junction drivers keep making a banned turn across oncoming traffic. The designers add a raised median so the banned turn is physically impossible.
Environmental and water¶
Rules found in this domain: P15, P40.
Illustrative, not evidence.
Scenario. A water utility finds traces of a contaminant in a reservoir. Whether it harms people is not yet proven, but the possible harm is serious. The utility adds an activated-carbon filter now and records that choice. Against pathogens, it keeps the existing chlorination and adds a UV stage, so that two independent disinfection layers protect the supply. Each layer is checked on its own: the chlorine residual is measured and the UV dose is monitored.
- P15: The possible harm is serious and the evidence is incomplete. The utility takes a proportionate protective measure without waiting for full proof and records which measure it took.
- P40: Against pathogens the supply has two independent control layers, chlorination and UV, and each layer is verified on its own.
Railway operations¶
Rules found in this domain: P71.
Illustrative, not evidence.
Scenario. A rail operator runs a track possession for maintenance. This is a complex procedure done under time pressure. The protection officer works through a short checklist. For each item the officer points at it and says its status aloud: "Signals blocked, confirmed." After a near miss, the operator updates the checklist.
- P71: The procedure is critical and done under time pressure. It uses a short checklist with each item pointed at and confirmed aloud, and the checklist is updated after a postmortem.
Building services¶
Rules found in this domain: P54.
Illustrative, not evidence.
Scenario. A new hospital wing is nearly complete. Each system passes its own test: the ventilation, the fire alarm, the lifts. Before handover, the team tests all systems together against the owner's requirements, for example that the fire alarm shuts the air handlers. The file holds the test results and the hospital's written acceptance.
- P54: Before handover the team tests that all parts work together against the owner's requirements. Both a test result and a stakeholder acceptance exist.
Municipal and infrastructure asset management¶
Rules found in this domain: P78.
Illustrative, not evidence.
Scenario. A city runs thousands of culverts, pumps and street lights. It keeps one inventory with owner, condition and lifecycle stage for each. A monthly automated survey compares the real assets with the inventory. It finds a pump station missing from the list, and the city adds it.
- P78: The operator keeps a complete inventory with owner, condition and lifecycle stage. An automated discovery compares real assets with the inventory and finds the unknown pump station.
Geological¶
Rules found in this domain: P68.
Illustrative, not evidence.
Scenario. A tunnel crosses a fault zone. The rock quality cannot be known until the face is open. The team designs for the most probable ground, installs convergence monitoring in the tunnel, and sets a trigger level for movement. If the trigger is reached, the planned backup action is heavier support and shorter advances.
- P68: The ground can only be measured during construction. The team designs for the most probable conditions, monitors real values, and plans the trigger level and backup action in advance.